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Search for patient zero underway as measles outbreak spreads

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  Published in Travel and Leisure on Friday, October 10th 2025 at 1:28 GMT by The West Australian
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Pilbara Measles Outbreak: Health Authorities Hunt for Patient Zero, Keep Testing Sites Open

The Western Australian government’s public health team is still on the lookout for the “patient zero” behind a measles outbreak that has swept through the remote Pilbara region. According to a recent report by The West Australian, the outbreak has already produced 15 confirmed cases – mostly children – and has prompted a rapid response that includes expanding testing sites, bolstering vaccination efforts, and running community outreach programs.

Where and When

The Pilbara region, which covers a sprawling area of northern Western Australia and includes towns such as Port Hedland, Karratha and Marble Bar, is known for its large Indigenous population and limited access to health services. The first case of measles was reported in late January 2024 when a two‑year‑old boy presented with a rash, fever and cough at a local health clinic in Port Hedland. Over the next few weeks, the number of cases rose sharply, prompting the WA Health Department to declare the outbreak “out of control” and to activate the state’s emergency response plan.

Epidemiology and Patient Zero

The WA Health Department is conducting an exhaustive investigation to identify the original source of the infection. “We are following up on every contact case, interviewing families, and testing people who have travelled to or from Port Hedland in the past 21 days,” said Dr. Maria Torres, the Director of Communicable Disease Control. “We have a robust contact tracing system in place and are working closely with the Department of Health in Darwin because some patients had recently travelled to the Northern Territory.”

Despite these efforts, the identity of the initial case remains unknown. While the outbreak is thought to have begun with an individual who had travelled to a country with a higher incidence of measles, no definitive source has yet been confirmed. The WA Health team is also looking at potential importation events such as recent international flights and school visits. In an attempt to expedite the search, the department has increased surveillance of travelers arriving by air, road and rail from countries where measles remains endemic.

Testing and Clinical Response

The outbreak has prompted the opening of multiple temporary testing sites across the region. According to the health department’s website, testing centres have been established in Port Hedland, Karratha, and the smaller communities of Newman and Marble Bar. These sites are staffed by local health workers and are open 24/7 for anyone who has symptoms of measles or has been in contact with a confirmed case. The testing is free of charge, and rapid PCR tests are used to confirm cases within hours.

Clinical management of measles cases has also been reviewed. Patients with severe respiratory symptoms are being admitted to the regional hospital in Karratha for supportive care. Meanwhile, home care teams are being dispatched to monitor patients who can be managed at home. “We are following the national guidelines for measles treatment, which include supportive hydration and fever control,” said Dr. Torres.

Vaccination Campaigns

The outbreak has highlighted the need for a robust vaccination program. The WA Health Department reports that the current measles vaccine coverage in the Pilbara region stands at roughly 68%, which is significantly below the 95% threshold needed to prevent outbreaks. In response, the department has launched a mass vaccination drive, deploying mobile clinics to remote communities and offering free MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) shots to all children aged 9 months to 12 years. The drive is scheduled to run through the end of April, with a target of vaccinating 1,200 children.

Health officials are also encouraging adults to check their vaccination status. “Measles can affect adults as well, especially if they haven’t been vaccinated or received the booster in adulthood,” said Dr. Torres. “We are conducting a community outreach program to remind adults to get their shots, especially those who travel or work in high‑risk settings.”

Community Response and Prevention

The outbreak has stirred anxiety among the local population. A local community leader, Yarra Ngurrara, noted that “many families are worried about their children’s safety.” In response, the community has organized informal gatherings to share information about measles symptoms, prevention, and where to get vaccinated. A partnership with local radio stations has also been established to broadcast health tips and to counter misinformation about vaccines.

Meanwhile, schools in the region are implementing additional hygiene protocols. “We are mandating hand‑washing, use of face masks in classrooms, and increased cleaning of shared surfaces,” said the superintendent of the Pilbara Central School. “We also have a policy of immediate isolation for any student presenting with a fever or rash.”

Wider Context

The Pilbara outbreak is part of a national resurgence of measles that has been recorded across several Australian states in 2023 and early 2024. While the disease was previously under control in Australia due to high vaccination rates, recent declines in vaccine uptake—partly driven by vaccine hesitancy—have created pockets of susceptibility. According to the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee, the state has seen a 40% drop in MMR coverage in some remote communities over the last five years.

Internationally, the World Health Organization (WHO) has flagged measles as a “priority disease” for elimination. WHO’s 2024 Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan calls for intensified surveillance, timely outbreak response, and community engagement to close immunity gaps. The WA Health Department’s current actions align with these global recommendations.

Looking Ahead

The health department has issued a public health alert that will remain in force until the outbreak is contained. “Our goal is to bring the number of new cases down to zero within the next month,” said Dr. Torres. “We’re coordinating with the Australian Department of Health, the Australian Defence Force, and neighboring state health departments to monitor travel routes and to share data.”

The outbreak has forced the region to re‑examine its public health infrastructure. Remote communities, which often struggle with limited access to medical services, will likely benefit from the increased presence of mobile testing and vaccination teams. While the situation remains urgent, the coordinated response and the swift opening of testing sites give authorities hope that the outbreak will soon be brought under control.

In the meantime, community members are advised to stay vigilant, to seek medical care promptly if they suspect measles, and to get vaccinated if they have not done so already. The health department has set up a hotline and an online portal for people to report symptoms, receive vaccination information, and ask questions. The fight against measles in the Pilbara serves as a reminder that even in a country with advanced health care systems, vigilance and community engagement remain crucial to prevent the resurgence of vaccine‑preventable diseases.