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Okunoshima: Rabbits, History, and a Dark Past

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  Published in Travel and Leisure on Tuesday, February 10th 2026 at 4:57 GMT by Travel + Leisure
      Locales: Hiroshima Prefecture, JAPAN

The Mystery of the Rabbits' Arrival

The story of how so many rabbits came to inhabit Okunoshima is shrouded in a degree of mystery, fueling several compelling theories. The most widely circulated tale suggests that in the 1950s, a kind-hearted local elementary school teacher released a pair of rabbits onto the island as a playful gift for the students. Over the decades, with minimal natural predators and a plentiful food source (initially supplemented by offerings from residents and tourists), the rabbit population exploded.

However, this heartwarming narrative isn't the complete picture. Some believe rabbits escaped from nearby farms. Others point to the island's use during World War II as a pivotal factor. From 1942 to 1945, Okunoshima served as a top-secret facility for the production of poisonous gas - specifically mustard gas - for the Imperial Japanese Army. It's theorized that the rabbits were used in testing the effectiveness of these chemical weapons. While official documentation is scarce, the possibility remains that rabbits were deliberately brought to the island for this purpose, and those that survived the war formed the initial breeding population. Regardless of the exact origins, the combination of factors contributed to the vibrant, albeit unusual, ecosystem we see today.

A Dark Past: The Okunoshima Chemical Warfare Museum

It's crucial to remember that Okunoshima's adorable present is deeply intertwined with a grim past. The island's history as a chemical weapons production site is not overlooked. The Okunoshima Chemical Warfare Museum, located on the island, serves as a sobering reminder of the horrors of war and the devastating consequences of chemical warfare. The museum houses exhibits detailing the production process, the risks involved, and the ethical implications of such weapons. A visit to the museum is a powerful and important counterbalance to the lightheartedness of interacting with the rabbits. It highlights the island's complex legacy and encourages reflection on the darker chapters of history.

The Challenges of Rabbit Overpopulation

The sheer number of rabbits on Okunoshima, while charming to visitors, presents a growing ecological challenge. The island's ecosystem is struggling to support such a large population. Overgrazing can damage vegetation, leading to soil erosion and potential harm to other wildlife. The rabbits' constant search for food also leads them to seek out human sources, which, while seemingly harmless, can disrupt their natural foraging habits and lead to health issues.

Conservation efforts are underway, but they are delicate. Sterilization programs have been considered, but are complex and expensive to implement on a wild population. The local authorities and animal welfare groups are focused on responsible tourism - encouraging visitors to adhere to guidelines about feeding the rabbits (avoiding human junk food and providing appropriate rabbit food) and respecting the island's fragile environment.

Planning Your Visit - Responsibly

If you're planning a trip to Okunoshima, preparation is key. Ferries operate frequently from Takehara and other nearby ports, but it's advisable to check the schedule in advance, especially during peak season. Bring rabbit food - it's available for purchase on the island, but bringing your own ensures a consistent supply and can help control what the rabbits consume. Be prepared for a lot of furry attention! The rabbits are generally friendly and curious, but it's important to treat them with respect and avoid chasing or cornering them. And, most importantly, take the time to visit the Okunoshima Chemical Warfare Museum to gain a full understanding of this extraordinary island's history.

Okunoshima offers a unique travel experience - a blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and overwhelming cuteness. By approaching this destination with awareness, respect, and a commitment to responsible tourism, visitors can help ensure the island's charm endures for generations to come.